First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Cuba
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) is a highly contagious viral disease with zoonotic potential with serious consequences for animal and human health. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) caused by influenza A viruses of the H5N1 subtype have been reported in wild and domestic bird populations on different continents. In September 2022, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) issued an alert for Central and South American countries regarding the risk of introduction and spread of the HPAI virus subtype H5. Between October and December 2022, the virus spread across several countries in this region, and disease outbreaks continue to be reported. No previous reports of HPAI virus in birds have been documented in Cuba. The present study describes the first molecular evidence of HPAI virus infecting a wild bird population located at the Havana Zoological Garden. Diagnosis was performed through nucleic acid detection assays and confirmed by Sanger sequencing, with subsequent characterization of the pathogenicity of the circulating virus. This study enabled the first detection of HPAI virus subtype H5N1 in Cuba in wildlife species.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA)References
Swayne D E, Sims L, Brown I, Harder T, et al. (2023). Strategic challenges in the global control of high pathogenicity avian influenza. Technical Item in 90th General Session World Organisation for Animal Health, World Assembly, available in https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2023/05/a-90sg-8.pdf.
World Health Organisation. H5N1 avian influenza: timeline of major events. See: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/ai_timeline/en/index.html. Accessed on 12 June 2009.
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (13 de septiembre de 2022). FAO alert for central america and south america: H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza - risk for Introduction and spread. Disponible en: https://www.fao.org/3/cc1998en/cc1998en.pd).
Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal. Influenza Aviar. París: OMSA; 2024 [citado el 18 marzo del 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.woah.org/es/enfermedad/influenza-aviar y https://wahis.woah.org/#/event-management).
Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI) - Situation Report 50. 31 de octubre del 2023. París: OMSA; 2023. Disponible en inglés en: https://www.woah.org/es/documento/high-pathogenicity-avian-influenza-hpai-situationreport-50/.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Ongoing outbreaks of avian influenza in animals pose risk to humans. 12 de julio del 2023. Geneva: OMS; 2023. Disponible en inglés en: https://www.who.int/news/item/12-07-2023-ongoing-avian-influenza-outbreaks-in-animalspose-risk-to-humans).
Spackman E, Senne DA, Myers TJ, Bulaga LL, Garber LP, Perdue ML, et al. Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 haemagglutinin subtypes. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:3256-60.
Pérez LJ, Díaz de Arce H, Cilloni F, Salviato A, Marciano S, Perera CL, et al. A SYBR Green-based real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of H5 hemagglutinin subtype avian influenza virus. Mol Cell Probes. 2012; 26:137-45.
Lee MS, Chang PC, Shien JH, Cheng MC, Shieh HK. Identification and subtyping of avian influenza viruses by reverse transcription-PCR. J VirolMeth 2001;97:13e22.
Slomka MJ, Coward VJ, Banks J, Londr BZ, Brown IH, Voermans J, et al. Identification of sensitive and specific avian influenza polymerase chain reaction methods through blind ring trials organized in the European Union. Avian Dis 2007;51:227e34.
Nagy A, Cernı´kova L, Kunteova K, Dirba´kova Z´, Thomas S, Marek J, Slomka ID, Da´n A, Varga T, Ma´te M, Jiřincova H, Brown IH, A universal RT-qPCR assay for “One Health” detection of influenza A viruses. PLOS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244669. 2021; 20: 1-18.
Hassan KE. HA and NA subtyping of avian influenza virus by real-time RT-PCR. SOP VIR 1004. Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe); 2022. Released 2023-09-28.
Wise M, Suárez DL, Seal BS. Development of real-time reverse transcription PCR for detection of Newcastle disease virus RNA in clinical samples. J. Clin. Microbiol 2004;42 (1): 329-338.
Lycett SJ, Pohlmann A, Staubach C, Caliendo V, Woolhouse M, Beer M, et al. Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2020;117(34):20814-25.
Aguilar S, Manica LT, Acosta M, Castro R, Hernández Z, González A, et al. Spatio-temporal patterns of waterbird assemblages in Cuba’s south coast wetlands: conservation implications. Wetlands. 2019;1-13.
Cosme Casals Corella, José E. Corella Varona (Centro Provincial de Patrimonio Cultural, Municipio Gibara. Sociedad Espeleológica de Cuba). Un viaje a través de nuestro litoral. Potencial natural de Gibara, Holguín. Trabajo Inédito. EcuRed. 18-22 de marzo 2022 ¨Corredor Migratorio de Aves de Gibara¨. (https://www.informaticahabana.cu).
Manual Terrestre de la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal. 2021. Capítulo 3.3.4. Influenza aviar (Incluida la infección por los virus de la influenza aviar altamente patógenos). Anexo 3.3.4.1. Directrices relativas a la bioprotección durante la manipulación de virus de IAAP en laboratorios de diagnóstico veterinarios. pp28-29.
Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal. Influenza Aviar. París: OMSA; 2023 [citado el 3 agosto 2023]. Disponible en: https://www.woah.org/es/enfermedad/influenza-aviar/ y https://wahis.woah.org/#/event-management.
Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal. Influenza aviar de alta patogenicidad (IAAP) - Informe de situación 46. 21 de julio 2023. París: OMSA; 2023. Disponible en: https://www.woah.org/es/documento/high-pathogenicity-avian-influenza-hpai-situationreport-46/.