General and clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs (1990 to 2024)
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Resumen
This review aims to present general aspects of cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs, given their relevance in clinical medicine and surgery, based on scientific publications from 1990 to 2023, to ensure an optimized approach and improve patient outcomes. Data collection was carried out online, establishing the period from 1990 to 2024. Research was conducted in databases such as SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct, with subjects focused on the clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs. The health science descriptors used were “clinical aspects of cutaneous mastocytoma in dogs”, “diagnosis of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs”, “cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs”, and “treatment of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs”. It is noteworthy that the search was conducted in a systematic manner, specifically within the aforementioned scientific databases, using the Boolean operators "AND" and/or "OR". Cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is one of the most common neoplasms in this species. This tumor is defined as an exaggerated proliferation of neoplastic mast cells. It is present in canines aged between eight and nine years, with no sexual predilection. In the cells present in lipid tissues, there is a presence of mast cells, whose origin is linked to hematopoiesis, and which retain the capacity for proliferation after maturation. The identification of cytoplasmic granules is a finding capable of indicating mature mast cell tumors, as they have active biological substances, histamine and heparin. To reach a definitive diagnosis, it is necessary to perform cytological and histological examinations.
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